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中古英语的语法在形态变化方面发生了简化。名词逐渐失去舟碑符了古英语复杂颈旬境的数和格的变化,简化成了单数和复数两种形式,复数以词尾-s表示。形酷抹付促跨辩糠桨拘容词则简化成了没有任何变舟旬化的键纸禁词类。
- |
- |
- |
主格 |
所有格 |
宾格 |
名词性所有格 |
反身 |
单数 |
第一人称 |
ic / ich / I |
min |
me / mi |
min |
mi selven |
|
第二人称 |
þou / þu / tu |
þi |
þe |
þin |
þin selven |
||
第三人称 |
阴 |
sche(o) / scho |
heo / hire |
heo / hire |
- |
heo self |
|
阳 |
he |
his / hisse |
hine / him |
his |
him seluon |
||
中 |
hit |
his |
hit / him |
his |
hit sulue |
||
复数 |
第一人称 |
we |
ure / our(e) |
us |
oures |
us self |
|
第二人称 |
ye |
eower / gur / eour |
eow / you |
youres |
ou selve |
||
第三人称 |
heo / he / þa / þei |
heore / þeir |
þem |
- |
þamselues |
海 sea
铅笔 pencel
苹果 appel
梨 pere
男孩 boy
女孩 girl
战争 warre
活的 liven
人们 peple
武器 armes
盾 sheld
矛 spere
血 blod
死亡 die
食物 food
匕首 daggere
刀 knif
兵 soudier
骑士chevaler
驻守 garison
统治 reule;governen;sweien;sweyen
统治权dominioun
王朝 dynastie;reigne;regne
公主 princesse
贵族 nobilite;patricion
僧侣 abesse;munk;munec
教士 clergie
修道院monasterie
牧师 preost
绞死 hongen
刑罚 penalte
中古英语文选
Here bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunterbury
Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote
The droghte of March hath perced to the roote
And bathed every veyne in swich licour,
Of which vertu engendred is the flour;
Whan Zephirus eek with his sweete breeth
Inspired hath in every holt and heeth
The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne
Hath in the Ram his halfe cours yronne,
And smale foweles maken melodye,
That slepen al the nyght with open eye-
(So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);
Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages