Nginx之location匹配和Rewrite重写跳转方式

目录

• 一、常用的Nginx 正则表达式
• 二、location
1、location 大致可以分为三类
2、location 常用的匹配规则
3、location的优先级
4、location 示例说明
5、实际网站使用中，至少有三个匹配规则定义
三、rewrite
四、rewrite 示例： 准备工作
总结

location = / {
root html;
index index.html index.html;
}

location ^~ /static/ {
root /webroot/static/;
}
location ~* .(html|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|css|js|ico)$ {
root /webroot/res/;
}

location / {
proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;
}

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
 listen       80;
 server_name  www.kgc.com;  #域名修改 
 charset utf-8;
 access_log  /var/log/nginx/www.kgc.com-access.log;  #日志修改
 location / {
 #添加域名重定向
        if ($host = 'www.kgc.com'){      #$host为rewrite全局变量，代表请求主机头字段或主机名
   rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.benet.com/$1 permanent;  #$1为正则匹配的内容，即域名后边的字符串
        }
        root   html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }
}

echo "192.168.110.50 www.kgc.com www.benet.com" >> /etc/hosts
systemctl restart nginx
浏览器输入模拟访问 http://www.kgc.com/test/1.html(虽然这个请求内容是不存在的)
会跳转到www.benet.com/test/1.html，查看元素可以看到返回301，实现了永久重定向跳转，而且域名后的参数也正常跳转。

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
 listen       80;
 server_name  www.kgc.com;  #域名修改 
 charset utf-8;
 access_log  /var/log/nginx/www.kgc.com-access.log;  #日志修改

 #设置是否合法的IP标记
    set $rewrite true;       #设置变量$rewrite，变量值为boole值true
    #判断是否为合法IP
 if ($remote_addr = "192.168.110.50"){  #当客户端IP为192.168.110.50时，将变量值设为false，不进行重写
        set $rewrite false;
    }
 #除了合法IP，其它都是非法IP，进行重写跳转维护页面
    if ($rewrite = true){      #当变量值为true时，进行重写
        rewrite (.+) /weihu.html;    #重写在访问IP后边插入/weihu.html，例如192.168.110.11/weihu.html
    }
    location = /weihu.html {
        root /var/www/html;      #网页返回/var/www/html/weihu.html的内容
    }

 location / {
        root   html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }
}


mkdir -p /var/www/html/
echo "<h1>We are maintaining now!</h1>" > /var/www/html/weihu.html
systemctl restart nginx
只有 IP 为 192.168.110.50能正常访问，其它地址都是维护页面

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
 listen       80;
 server_name  bbs.kgc.com;  #域名修改 
 charset utf-8;
 access_log  /var/log/nginx/www.kgc.com-access.log;
 #添加
 location /post {
        rewrite (.+) http://www.kgc.com/bbs$1 permanent;  #这里的$1为位置变量，代表/post
    }

 location / {
        root   html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }
}


mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs/post
echo "this is test web1 !!"  >> /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs/test.html
echo "192.168.110.50 bbs.kgc.com"  >> /etc/hosts
systemctl restart nginx
使用浏览器访问 http://bbs.kgc.com/ post/test.html 跳转到 http://www.kgc.com/bbs/post/test.html

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
 listen       80;
 server_name  www.kgc.com;  #域名修改 
 charset utf-8;
 access_log  /var/log/nginx/www.kgc.com-access.log  main;

 if ($request_uri ~ ^/100-(100|200)-(\d+).html$) {
        rewrite (.*) http://www.kgc.com permanent;
    }

 location / {
        root   html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }
}


systemctl restart nginx
使用浏览器访问 http://www.kgc.com/100-200-100.html 或 http://www.kgc.com/100-100-100.html 跳转到http://www.kgc.com页面。

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
 listen       80;
 server_name  www.kgc.com;  #域名修改 
 charset utf-8;
 access_log  /var/log/nginx/www.kgc.com-access.log  main;

 location ~* /upload/(.*)\.php$ {
        rewrite (.+) http://www.kgc.com permanent;
    }

 location / {
        root   html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }
}


systemctl restart nginx
浏览器访问 http://www.kgc.com/upload/123.php 跳转到http://www.kgc.com页面。

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
 listen       80;
 server_name  www.kgc.com;  #域名修改 
 charset utf-8;
 access_log  /var/log/nginx/www.kgc.com-access.log  main;

    location ~* ^/abc/123.html {
        rewrite (.+) http://www.kgc.com permanent;
    }

 location / {
        root   html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }
}


systemctl restart nginx
浏览器访问 http://www.kgc.com/abc/123.html 跳转到http://www.kgc.com页面。

nginx 网页匹配跳转rewrite、location的具体使用
nginx中的正则表达式及location和rewrite总结
Nginx Rewrite及Location的使用与区别
Nginx中location匹配以及rewrite重写跳转详解
详解nginx中location、rewrite用法总结