Ⅰ、卷灵活拆组卷(四)第卷专练(满分70分).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
A
(2016·湖北省八校联考)Wedonotusuallythinkabouthowourlanguageworks. Talkingissuchanatural, everydayactivitythatwedonotoftenstoptoconsiderhowitactuallyworks. Whenwedostudyourlanguage, though, weareoftensurprisedthatweareabletounderstandourconversations. Wordscanmeansomanydifferentthings. However, itturnsoutthatthespeakingsituationhelpsalotinmakinglanguagework.
First, thespeakingsituationhelpsmakewordsmoreparticular. Forexample, theword “dog” candescribeadogthataspeakersawinadream. Itcanalsobeusedtodiscussaneighbor'sdog. Nolanguagehasaseparatewordfortheidea “dogthatIsawyesterday” andanotherwordfortheidea “dogthatIsawinadream”. Thisisbecausethespeakingsituationmakesitclearwhatspeakersmeanwhentheyusewords. So, whenyouhaveaconversationwithyourneighbor, theknowledgethatyouhaveadogtellsyourneighborwhattheword “dog” probablymeansinthatsituation.
Thespeakingsituationalsohelpsmakelanguageclearer. Forexample, theword “bank” hastwopossiblemeanings. Itcanmean “aplacewherepeoplekeepmoney”， butitcanalsomean “thesideofariver”. Sothesentence “Iwenttothebank” isnotclear. ItcouldmeanIwenttothesideoftheriveroritcouldmeanIwenttotheplacewheremymoneyiskept. However, ifthespeakeristalkingaboutfishingorgoingtothemountains, othersprobablyknowthat “bank” means “thesideofariver”．
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